![]() Magma bubbles rise up from the planet's interior, making room as they ascend and pour their molten rock over the planet's surface in the form of lava. Volcanism often goes hand in hand with tectonic shifts in the rock crust on all terrestrial planets and the Moon. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is the national aeronautics and space research centre of the Federal Republic of Germany. ![]() Using the zoom function we can examine the Cerberus Fossae rift valley, whose width exceeds one kilometre in just a few places. By contrast, the large crater at the right hand (northern) edge of the image, which is approximately 30 kilometres wide, has a formidable crater rim which would have prevented the lava from the flood to flow into the inside of the crater, which is approximately 2500 metres deep. This makes it easy to see that the numerous craters in the centre of the image, which originally would have had a bowl-shape, have been flooded by thin lava and sometimes filled almost to their edges with volcanic deposits. Anaglyphs create a realistic, three-dimensional impression of the landscape when viewed through red/blue or red/green glasses. They were created as the result of expansion in the Martian crust, in the form of tectonic fractures, through which magma was able to rise to the surface and to flood the plains with a thin layer of lava.Īnaglyph images are produced using the data acquired by the nadir channel of the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), the field of view of which is aligned perpendicular to the surface of Mars, and one of the four obliquely angled stereo channels. The walls of the Cerberus Fossae are extremely steep, almost perpendicular in places, and can be more than 500 metres high locally. Like him, the astronauts would have to choose between retracing their route or making a major detour. In the year 1540 – as the first European to do so – he gazed in astonishment at the view from the edge of the Grand Canyon. If, in a distant future, astronauts drove their Mars vehicles over the Elysium plain on a survey, travelling north eastwards to the Elysium Mons and Alba Patera volcanoes, standing at the edge of the Cerberus Fossae, they would have a similar experience as the Spanish pioneer García López de Cárdenas. Perspective view, looking from north to south, over Cerberus Fossae
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